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Laws in the Indian Constitution against Animal-Killing
Laws in the Indian Constitution against Animal Killing

India is not new to the phenomenon called ‘zoosadism’ – inflicting cruelty on animals for personal amusement. A cat being run over by a car or a dog being attacked by a bunch of urchins are some of the sights that urban India witnesses quite often . However, the cruelty against animals stretches far beyond these activities. Army personnel cooking chinkara meat and superstars of Indian film industry poaching endangered deers and owning tusks are some of the news stories that frequently do the rounds.  What provisions does the Constitution of India has to deter people from [...]Read more

Constitutional Framework for Political System in India
Indian democracy : constitutional foundations

Indian polity is guided by the principles laid down in the Constitution, which defines every aspect of Indian political system including its basic objectives. The rules and procedure embedded in the Constitution serve as the basic edifice upon which rests the governance of the country. Besides elucidating the structure and functioning of governments at the Central, state and local levels, it also acts as a reference document for dealing with several other aspects of politics. Constitutional Values Guiding Indian Politics Indian Constitution may have detailed provisions on fundamental rights, duties and directive principles of state policy, but [...]Read more

Article 20 of the Indian Constitution
Article 20 of the Indian Constitution

The Article 20 is one of the pillars of fundamental rights guaranteed by the Constitution of India. It mainly deals with protection of certain rights in case of conviction for offences. When an individual as well as corporations are accused of crimes, the provisions of Article 20 safeguard their rights. The striking feature of the Article 20 is that it can’t be suspended during an emergency period. The Article has set certain limitations on the legislative powers of the Union and State legislatures.  Ex Post Facto Legislation  The clause (1) of Article 20 protects individuals against ex [...]Read more

Article 22 of Indian Constitution
Article 22 of the Constitution of India

Article 22 is one of the groups of Articles in Part III (Fundamental Rights) of the Constitution of India, which have been collected together under the sub-heading Right to Freedom. The subject-matter of the Article is personal liberty. This Article proceeds to guarantee certain fundamental rights to every arrested person. These rights being guaranteed by the Constitution are of a higher status than rights which are merely conferred by the ordinary law and have no such constitutional guarantee. In fact, Article 22 did not exist in the Draft Constitution. It was added towards the end of the [...]Read more

Article 13 of the Constitution of India
Article 13 of the Constitution of India

The Article 13 not only asserts the supremacy of the Indian Constitution but also makes way for judicial review. This legislation creates scope for reviewing pre-constitutional and existing laws. Although the legitimacy of judicial interventions in Constitutional matters has sparked debates, yet in most cases, the power of judicial review is evoked to protect and enforce the fundamental rights guaranteed in Part III of the Constitution. Meaning and Scope of Article 13 It is through Article 13 that the Constitution prohibits the Parliament and the state legislatures from making laws that “may take away or abridge the [...]Read more

Meaning of Article 25 of the Indian Constitution
Meaning of Article 25 of the Indian Constitution

It is through several provisions that the Indian Constitution upholds the spirit of secularism. The Article 25 is one of the pillars of fundamental rights guaranteed by the Constitution. The relevance of this legislation can be gauged only when one understands the importance of preserving the pluralistic ethos of the country and the idea of harmonious coexistence of different religions.   Meaning and Scope of Article 25 The Article 25 states that every individual is “equally entitled to freedom of conscience” and has the right “to profess, practice and propagate religion” of one’s choice. Practicing religion or [...]Read more

Indian Constitution: Election-Related Provisions
Different Articles in the Indian Constitution

Laws pertaining to the elections in India are contained in Part XV of the Indian Constitution. The provisions mentioned in the Articles (324 to 329) cover all aspects of conducting elections starting from inclusion of names in electoral roll to formulation of laws pertaining to elections. Article 324 – Superintendence, Direction and Control of Elections The Election Commission (EC) of India is the only entity that has been given the authority to supervise, direct and control elections. According to Article 324, the Election Commission should comprise the Chief Election Commissioner (CEC) and other Election Commissioners, who will [...]Read more

Article 16 of Indian Constitution
Article 16 of Indian Constitution

Though ‘reservation’ is an unpleasant word in contemporary Indian politics, yet architects of the Constitution had used it as a social empowerment tool for the backward classes to help them get their due place in the society and be at par with the non-backward classes. Article 16 of the Constitution is one such provision that tends to strengthen the nation’s claim of maintaining an egalitarian society.   Meaning and Purpose of Article 16 The Article guarantees equality of opportunity when it comes to public employment. The first two clauses of the Article elucidate the fact that no [...]Read more

What is Article 17 of Indian Constitution
What is Article 17 of Indian Constitution

One of the vital steps that independent India took was the effort towards eradication of untouchability. Finally, the Indian Constitution abolished the practice of untouchability in 1950. The lawmakers included provisions within the Constitution that can provide measures for positive discrimination in both educational institutions and public services for the socially backward groups. Article 17 of the Indian Constitution is a legislation that abolishes practice of untouchability in any form. According to the provision of Article 17, “enforcement of any disability arising out of untouchability” is a punishable offence in accordance with law. Purpose of Article 17 [...]Read more

Article 15 of Indian Constitution
Article 15 of the Indian Constitution

In order to uphold the spirit of a secular nation and create a society based on equality, the Constitution makers of India have incorporated various provisions in the Indian Constitution. Article 15 is one such legislation. The Concept of Article 15 The concept and purpose of this Article is to prevent the government from making discrimination on the basis of religion, race, caste, sex, or birth place. One of the clauses clearly states that no citizen shall be subject to “any disability, liability, restriction or condition” on the basis of religion, race, caste, sex, and place of [...]Read more

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